HFrD has been proven to induce insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, ballooning degeneration and fibrosis in transgenic (Tg) MUP-uPA mice, and significantly increased the tumor necrosis factor (Tnf), interleukin (Il)-6, Il1β, Ccl2, Ccl5 and Emr1 (Todoric et al., 2020). Here, TNF is linked to steatosis.