Particular examples can be seen for cancers: the correlation of baseline EV-related PD-L1 with tumor response to treatment for melanoma; dysregulation of tumor-associated antigens (including BAGE, PD-L1, MAGE-3, AKAP4) in EVs of patients with nonsmall-cell lung cancer; higher expression of LZH8, HER2 and PSA in EVs from lymphoma patients; and even separation of tumor-derived EVs from those derived from healthy tissue according to their contents of VCAN, TNC, and THBS2 (Liu et al., 2019; Wu et al., 2019; Cordonnier et al., 2020; Hoshino et al., 2020). The gene discussed is AKAP4; the disease is neoplasm.