STAT3 and cancer: Curcumin also reduces migration, proliferation, and invasion directly by modulating levels of phosphorylated JAKs and STATs or indirectly by regulating protein inhibitors of activated STAT-3 (PIAS-3), suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS3), and miRNAs involved in JAK/STAT activity in a range of cancers including eye, ovarian, and endometrial cancers (Saydmohammed et al., 2010; Li Y. et al., 2018).