Costunolide can activate the ROS/MAPK pathway in renal cell carcinoma (Fu et al., 2020), honokiol can activate the ROS/ERK1/2 pathway in OS cells (Huang et al., 2018), and metformin can activate the ROS/JNK pathway in OS cells (Li et al., 2020). The gene discussed is MAPK8; the disease is renal cell carcinoma.