Thus, regarding bile acid composition with increased GCDCA and reduced TCA levels, HepaRG cells seem to resemble hepatocytes originating from NASH (non alcoholic steatohepatitis) or cholestatic patients (Trottier et al., 2012; Lake et al., 2013) rather than “healthy” primary human hepatocytes (Sharanek et al., 2015) due to antagonistic effect of GCDCA on FXR. This evidence concerns the gene NR1H4 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.