TNF and Sepsis: In sepsis, a great amount of pro-inflammatory cytokines and damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) released, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL) family and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) which lead to further organ dysfunction and multiple cell death (Andersson and Tracey, 2003; Lu et al., 2013; Denning et al., 2019; Feng et al., 2019; Wu et al., 2021).