Current studies have demonstrated that HMGB1, the late mediating factor in sepsis pathogenesis and an essential factor that mediates cognitive impairment in sepsis survivors (Chavan et al., 2012), triggers and sustains the inflammatory response by inducing cytokine release and recruiting leucocytes (Magna and Pisetsky, 2014). The gene discussed is HMGB1; the disease is Cognitive impairment.