TNF and Sepsis: Inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1 (IL-1) act as key regulators of the immune response and play a critical role in the complex pathophysiological mechanisms of sepsis (Parameswaran and Patial, 2010; Schulte et al., 2013).