CYP1A2 and Crohn disease: In Crohn’s disease, S-verapamil concentration was higher than R-verapamil while the opposite was found in normal conditions and higher plasma levels of propranolol were found in Crohn’s with reduced metabolic activities of CYP1A2, 2D6 and 2C19 (Schneider et al., 1976; Sanaee et al., 2011).