CARD8 and Autoimmunity: Additionally, inflammasomes play a vital role in the development and progression of autoimmunity (Shaw et al., 2011), inflammation (Hoffman et al., 2004) and metabolic disease (Vandanmagsar et al., 2011), and many SNPs in inflammasome-associated genes, including NLRP1 (Valdes et al., 2012; Luo et al., 2016; Sun et al., 2019), NLRP3 (Noble et al., 2010), NLRP12 (Borghini et al., 2011) and CARD8 (Noble et al., 2010; Mason et al., 2014), are involved in and associated with patient susceptibility to T1DM.