STAT3 and brain ischemia: Furthermore, Yan et al. found that the TCM can prevent stroke through a variety of signaling pathways (Yan et al., 2019), such as JAK2/STAT3 which regulates proinflammatory cytokine expression (Chen et al., 2017; Hu et al., 2017), NF−κB which is related to the inflammatory mechanism of brain tissue reperfusion injury (Fann et al., 2018; Fu et al., 2020), PI3K/Akt which participates in the pathological process of cerebral ischemia and plays a role in promoting survival and anti-apoptotic pathway (Samakova et al., 2019; Chen et al., 2020).