It was also reported that Lgals3bp expression is induced in viral infection and by many molecules that either mimic or are characteristic of ongoing inflammation and microbial infection, such as IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ and TNF-α, and it has innate immune functions with special emphasis on viral and bacterial infections (Loimaranta et al., 2018). Here, IFNB1 is linked to bacterial infectious disease.