Using small molecule inhibitors targeting CSF1R to eliminate microglia has been implicated in modulating the pathological processes of several neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The gene discussed is CSF1R; the disease is early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.