CSF1R and Hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia: Although CSF1R is associated with different malignant diseases (Cassier et al., 2015; Cannarile et al., 2017), mutations in CSF1R result in a neurodegenerative disease named adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia (ALSP), which is characterized by executive dysfunction, memory decline, personality changes, motor impairments, and seizures (Chitu et al., 2021).