TNF and peripheral neuropathy: sEPSC frequency is indicative of spontaneous synaptic vesicle transmission (Taylor et al., 1995; Rosenmund and Stevens, 1996; Grabner and Moser, 2018) and of synaptic status in pain conditions including spinal nerve ligation (Gao et al., 2009), painful diabetic neuropathy (Chen et al., 2011), central and peripheral inflammatory pain from TNF-α (Zhang et al., 2011), and chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (Sisignano et al., 2016).