Additionally, patients with AD demonstrate higher CSF levels of proinflammatory cytokines, such as eotaxin, interleukin (IL)-1ra, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-10, IL-13, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, compared to non-demented controls (Italiani et al., 2018; Taipa et al., 2019). This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and Alzheimer disease.