Mounting evidence demonstrated that neurofilaments (NFs) levels, especially phosphorylated neurofilament heavy chain (pNFH) and neurofilament light chain (NFL), were elevated in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of ALS patients.2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. This evidence concerns the gene NEFL and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.