Furthermore, in these early days, the main motivation for testing was to inform risk in family members as targeted therapeutic strategies such as PARP inhibitors where there is BRCA1/2 deficiency and PD-1 inhibitors for MMR-deficient tumours, was not available at this time, being dependent on the subsequent elucidation of the underlying molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis [11, 12]. Here, MRC1 is linked to neoplasm.