AKT1 and adenoma: To determine the potential function differences between the two groups, KEGG pathways were performed on the hypo-methylated genes in adenoma tissues, which showed that Calcium signaling pathway, Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), cAMP signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, WNT signaling and positive regulation of antigen receptor-mediated signaling pathway (Fig. 3D and Additional file 3).