Human studies do not however confirm these preclinical findings [22, 41–43]. IL-1β gene expression from injured or torn rotators cuff tendon tissue was decreased [41, 43–48] but remained unchanged from torn Achilles tendon tissue after repair, exercise, or tendinopathy [10, 22, 43, 49, 50]. The role of IL-1β based on human studies remains largely unknown. The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is disease of the tendon.