TNF and infection: The treatment of LPS/TNFα and 5Z-7-oxozeaenol (5z7), the inhibitor of TAK1, is used to mimic the effect of Yersinia pathogen infection [58, 59], since Yersinia species bacteria rely on the effector protein YopJ to block activation of TAK1 and NF-κB pathway toward cell death and inflammation [60, 61].