Previous studies have pointed towards the formation of a tripartite complex consisting of ASS1, ASL, and NOS necessary for NO generation in endothelial cells where ASS1 and ASL serve as adaptors [50] However, the complete reliance of ASS1 and ASL on their enzymatic activity to suppress ccRCC growth precludes any catalytic activity-independent contributions in this context. This evidence concerns the gene ASS1 and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.