TNF and COVID-19: Recent network pharmacology study indicated that the biological processes involved in the key gene targets of JHG were cytokine activity, MAPK activity, chemokine activity, inflammatory response, immune response, while the signaling pathways in the treatment of COVID-19 included TNF, influenza A, HIF-1, NOD receptor, toll-like receptor (TLR), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), MAPK, and T cell receptor signaling pathways [54].