Such a lack of specificity of ANA for SLE has also been observed in other conventional parameters such as double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), and concentrations of complements C3 and C4 [6, 7]; this creates a range of clinical dilemmas challenging both patients and practitioner, which thus led to search of other reliable biomarkers for accessing disease activity and severity of organ involvement. The gene discussed is C3; the disease is systemic lupus erythematosus.