Unexpectedly, preclinical testing showed that both vemurafenib and dabrafenib caused hyperactivation of the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signaling pathway and increased tumor growth in melanomas without a BRAFV600 mutation, a phenomenon termed paradoxical pathway activation by BRAFi.9 Thus, subsequent clinical testing, and FDA approvals, of BRAFi were limited to melanoma patients with a BRAFV600 mutation. This evidence concerns the gene MAP2K7 and melanoma.