The main findings of this study are: (1) After surgical repair of ATAAD, the serum NFL level of stroke patients is increased in comparison with patients with a good neurological prognosis, (2) Serum NFL level appears to hold more predictive value than the conventional biomarkers S100β and NSE, (3) Serum NFL level is a more reliable and sensitive predictor of stroke after surgical repair of ATAAD. Here, S100B is linked to Stroke.