Among these genes, nine have been previously implicated in GWASs of depression, namely, AREL1, DENND1A, NR4A2, PAX5, RPS6KL1, SOX5, TMEM106B, VRK2, and YLPM1; none of these genes have been identified in any GWAS for stroke. This evidence concerns the gene VRK2 and depressive symptom measurement.