PDK1 and Ureteral obstruction: Wei et al. (34) studied mice with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and demonstrated that two agents that disrupted glycolysis, shikonin (an inhibitor of PKM2) and dichloroacetate [DCA; an inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-1 (PDK1)], significantly inhibited renal fibrosis, renal tubular apoptosis, and renal inflammation.