TGFB1 and Hepatic fibrosis: Our data showed that the expression of p-Smad3 in LX-2 cells was up-regulated under the stimulation of TGF-β1, as well as the activated HSC markers α-SMA and collagen I. In addition, the expression of TGF-β1 and p-Smad3 in the liver tissue of mice with hepatic fibrosis induced by MCD was also up-regulated.