TBX1 and neoplasm: Tumor cells that express an EMT-promoting brachyury transcription factor often show upregulated expression of transmembrane protein MUC-1 which decreases tumor cell susceptibility to TNF related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) apoptosis and tumor susceptibility to perforin/granzyme-dependent lysis by CTLs and NK cells (David et al., 2016; Romeo et al., 2019).