PF4 and pancreatic neoplasm: For example, platelet α-granules contain many different bioactive factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), endostatin, angiostatin, platelet factor-4 (PF4), or thrombospondin, the exact mechanisms of granule release and whether they can be selectively manipulated in pancreatic cancer requires more study.