Notably, there are folds of increase in expression of IL-6 and IL-1β concomitant with repression of IL-10, which is consistent with the long known evidence that elevated serum concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-1β and declined anti-inflammatory IL-10 are markers of the pathogenesis of BPD in extremely low-birth weight infant (Yoon et al., 1997; Garingo et al., 2007). The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is bronchopulmonary dysplasia.