CD8A and metabolic disease: To further elucidate the link between these two phenomena, future studies should further interrogate the relatedness between systemic metabolic disorders and immune dysregulation (such as T-cell senescence), since recent data indicate that lipid-containing tissues of HIV+ subjects are enriched with highly senescent CD8+ T-cells (Godfrey et al., 2019), whose frequency is associated with CVD risk (Yu et al., 2016).