Serum hepcidin is elevated in many cancer patients, including prostate cancer, breast cancer, multiple myeloma, and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (48, 49, 51, 52).A study of 456 cases of primary gastric adenocarcinoma and 900 matched controls with an average of 11 years of follow-up showed a significant negative correlation between gastric cancer risk and serum hepcidin level, which was mainly caused by ferritin level (99). This evidence concerns the gene HAMP and breast carcinoma.