Figure 1D shows RLM undergoing sOMF stimulation, but here pre-incubated with 5 μM bongkrekic acid. The RLM in this negative control do not suffer from loss of integrity, which is evidence for the induction of the MPT by sOMF (Figure 1C). We chose bongkrekic acid over cyclosporin A (CsA) because CsA can have profound effects on cancer cells, especially with respect to cell metabolism and in reshaping their antioxidant defenses. CsA has been shown to induce apoptosis of glioma cells, by a direct increase in the levels of p53 (43). Here, TP53 is linked to central nervous system cancer.