In our HD setting, we found a more predominant relevance of TNF-TNF-R1 signaling over TNF-TNF-R2 axis signaling in the induction of VEGF in the whole-blood environment and in the ex vivo culture experiments involving microvascular ECs and healthy vs. patient-derived uremic serum from the different HD regimens (phases). The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is Huntington disease.