In contrast, exposure of ECs to serum samples collected after four weeks of HF dialysis initially led to an increased VEGF expression (P<0.01, 1.75-fold increase, Figure 2C) and production (P<0.001, 2-fold, Figure 2E), but switching to MCO dialysis resulted in strongly reduced VEGF expression and production (P<0.05 and P<0.001, Figures 2C, E). Here, VEGFA is linked to hydrops fetalis.