Among the differentially expressed mRNAs, those up-regulated in the patients with DKD were predominantly involved in immune response and inflammation (CLU, C3, CFB, LY96, SPON2, CX3CR1, FKBP5, TNFAIP8), and extracellular matrix organization (COMP, COL1A1, COL3A1, THBS2, SPON2, MOXD1); those down-regulated in the patients with DKD were mainly associated with metabolic pathways (APOLD1, FABP1, HPD, LPL, G6PC, PDK4). This evidence concerns the gene APOLD1 and diabetic kidney disease.