FGF19 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: When glutamate photoactivation was performed in the NTS of T1DM mice, FGF19 significantly increased the mean effect of glutamate photostimulation in the NTS on EPSC frequency in the DMV (Figure 1F; ACSF: 5.18 ± 1.02 Hz; FGF19: 7.52 ± 0.91 Hz; n = 10; p=0.016).