In addition, prior studies on tannic acid activation of KCNQ2/3 suggested particular utility for tannic acid in treating bradykinin-associated inflammatory pain, which might result from burns but also arthritis and rheumatism (Zhang et al., 2015), both indications for which Native Americans utilized the KCNQ2/3-activating, tannic acid-containing plants described herein. Here, KCNQ2 is linked to arthritic joint disease.