NFKB1 and infection: Interestingly, NF-κB signaling and apoptosis can be induced via interaction of σ1 with JAM-A (Barton et al., 2001) but several other early events during infection were also found to be implicated (Connolly and Dermody, 2002; Danthi et al., 2013) and the events that activate NF-κB signaling and stimulate apoptosis following orthoreovirus infection remain incompletely understood (Danthi et al., 2013).