VCAM1 and cancer: Several systemic pro-inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL) 6, IL 18, fibrinogen, and adhesion molecules [e.g., E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), and vascular cell adhesion protein 1 (VCAM-1)] (Pradhan, 2001; Thorand et al., 2005; Kelesidis et al., 2006; Li et al., 2009; Shibata et al., 2009) have been identified to monitor “end-stage” of chronic-low-grade inflammatory diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer.