VEGFA and early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease: In observational studies, higher VEGF levels have been positively associated with larger hippocampal volume, less hippocampal atrophy, and less cognitive decline over time (Hohman et al., 2015) as well as with a decreased risk for Alzheimer’s disease (Mateo et al., 2007), indicating that VEGF might be beneficial for memory-related processes.