Furthermore, in a mendelian randomization study, genetically determined increased levels of hemostatic factors FVIII, von Willebrand factor (vWF), phosphorylated fibrinopeptide A, and a decrease of fibrinogen seemed causally related to susceptibility for migraine, especially migraine with aura (Guo Y. et al., 2021). Here, VWF is linked to migraine with aura.