AGTR1 and renal fibrosis: Angiotensin II (Ang II) acts on Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1) to induce various biological effects, including cytoskeleton remodeling, extracellular matrix generation, the inflammatory response, macrophage infiltration, fibroblast proliferation, tubule epithelial cell differentiation, and apoptosis in the kidney, all of which may interact with each other and eventually lead to hypertension and renal fibrosis [45].