AKT1 and atherosclerosis: Here, we created a 3D VSMC spheroid model to mimic VSMC-mediated neointima formation observed in the arterial wall, similar to in vivo animal models of restenosis, vascular injury, and atherosclerosis, and tested the effects of FAK, Rac, Rho, and Cdc42 inhibition on the formation and morphology of VSMC spheroids.