MCP-1 and IL-8, pro-inflammatory chemokines that promote leukocyte migration and associate with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk (Hashmi and Zeng 2006; Kusano et al. 2004; Papayianni et al. 2002), also displayed no IDC-dependent effects, likely for the same reason. This evidence concerns the gene CXCL8 and atherosclerosis.