The meta-analysis by Conforti et al28 of 20 phase 2 and phase 3 trials among patients with multiple advanced cancers, mostly including melanoma and non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), demonstrated a statistically significant difference in effectiveness between female and male patients treated with a CTLA-4 inhibitor and a PD-1 inhibitor. Here, PDCD1 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.