Female patients with NSCLC had a significant overall survival advantage associated with PD-1 inhibitor or programmed death-ligand 1 inhibitor treatment combined with chemotherapy compared with treatment with chemotherapy alone, suggesting that an ICI combined with chemotherapy may bring out the optimal outcome for female patients with NSCLC.28 A recent, real-world data analysis by Hadash-Bengad et al30 shares the same suggestion for metastatic melanoma treatment. The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.