Naip1–6Δ/Δ mice also had increased STAT3 phosphorylation following AOM exposure compared with Naip1–6fl/fl controls; which was absent from Nlrc4−/−, Caspase-1/11−/− or Asc−/− mice, implying no involvement of inflammasome signalling in this phenotype [8]. Here, CASP1 is linked to infectious otitis media.