NLRC4 and neoplasm: Other studies have reported that Caspase1−/− and Nlrc4−/− mice also have increased tumour burden following AOM/DSS treatment, but exhibited similar colitis symptoms to WT, in contrast with Naip1–6Δ/Δ mice [8,25], suggesting that NAIPs, NLRC4 and caspases might not only have differing roles during tumour induction, but also likely involve multiple different pathways.