The PD‐L1 pathway mediates tumor immune evasion by suppressing cell killing by cytotoxic T cells and NK cells that express PD‐1 via expression of PD‐L1 by tumor cells, Treg cells, MDSCs, and macrophages in the TME, resulting in loss of tumor immunosurveillance [59, 60]. This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and neoplasm.