CCN2 and heart failure: Whereas CCN2 have been implicated in myocardial fibrosis in heart failure of both ischemic and non-ischemic etiologies, mice with cardiac-restricted overexpression of CCN5 have been reported to exhibit attenuated myocardial fibrosis following chronic pressure overload of the heart, indicating an antagonistic role of CCN5 relative to that of CCN2 in the heart (Yoon et al. 2010).