In CCR2-deficient mice or following early monocyte depletion by clodronate liposomes in stroke, the resultant reduced expression of tissue repair proteins, including TGF-β1 and collagen-4, was associated with neurovascular unit instability and later haemorrhagic transformation [127], demonstrating the importance of these cells in healing after stroke. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and stroke disorder.