In other forms of pulmonary fibrosis, several mediators are under investigation as markers and potential mediators of disease severity and prognosis, such as various matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), surfactant protein D (SP-D), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) A, as a key regulator of angiogenesis8–10. The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is pulmonary fibrosis.